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Tax Calculator: 2022-2023 Refund and Tax Estimator
Estimate how much you'll owe in federal taxes for tax year 2022, using your income, deductions and credits — all in just a few steps with our tax calculator.
The United States taxes income progressively, meaning that how much you make will place you within one of seven federal tax brackets:
Single filers
Tax rate
Taxable income bracket
Tax owed
10%
$0 to $10,275.
10% of taxable income.
12%
$10,276 to $41,775.
$1,027.50 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275.
22%
$41,776 to $89,075.
$4,807.50 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775.
24%
$89,076 to $170,050.
$15,213.50 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075.
32%
$170,051 to $215,950.
$34,647.50 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050.
35%
$215,951 to $539,900.
$49,335.50 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950.
37%
$539,901 or more.
$162,718 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900.
Married, filing jointly
Tax rate
Taxable income bracket
Taxes owed
10%
$0 to $20,550.
10% of taxable income.
12%
$20,551 to $83,550.
$2,055 plus 12% of the amount over $20,550.
22%
$83,551 to $178,150.
$9,615 plus 22% of the amount over $83,550.
24%
$178,151 to $340,100.
$30,427 plus 24% of the amount over $178,150.
32%
$340,101 to $431,900.
$69,295 plus 32% of the amount over $340,100.
35%
$431,901 to $647,850.
$98,671 plus 35% of the amount over $431,900.
37%
$647,851 or more.
$174,253.50 plus 37% of the amount over $647,850.
Married, filing separately
Tax rate
Taxable income bracket
Taxes owed
10%
$0 to $10,275.
10% of taxable income.
12%
$10,276 to $41,775.
$1,027.50 plus 12% of the amount over $10,275.
22%
$41,776 to $89,075.
$4,807.50 plus 22% of the amount over $41,775.
24%
$89,076 to $170,050.
$15,213.50 plus 24% of the amount over $89,075.
32%
$170,051 to $215,950.
$34,647.50 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050.
35%
$215,951 to $323,925.
$49,335.50 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950.
37%
$323,926 or more.
$87,126.75 plus 37% of the amount over $323,925.
Head of household
Tax rate
Taxable income bracket
Tax owed
10%
$0 to $14,650.
10% of taxable income.
12%
$14,651 to $55,900.
$1,465 plus 12% of the amount over $14,650.
22%
$55,901 to $89,050.
$6,415 plus 22% of the amount over $55,900.
24%
$89,051 to $170,050.
$13,708 plus 24% of the amount over $89,050.
32%
$170,051 to $215,950.
$33,148 plus 32% of the amount over $170,050.
35%
$215,951 to $539,900.
$47,836 plus 35% of the amount over $215,950.
37%
$539,901 or more.
$161,218.50 plus 37% of the amount over $539,900.
Which bracket you land in depends on your filing status: single, married filing jointly, married filing separately, and head of household. Choosing the right filing status can have a big effect on how your tax bill is calculated.
Standard deduction vs. itemized deductions
Deciding how to take your deductions — that is, how much to subtract from your adjusted gross income, thus reducing your taxable income — can make a huge difference in your tax bill. But making that decision isn’t always easy.
The standard deduction is a flat reduction in your adjusted gross income, the amount determined by Congress and meant to keep up with inflation. Nearly 70% of filers take it, because it makes the tax-prep process quick and easy.
Filing status
Standard deduction 2022
Standard deduction 2023
Single
$12,950.
$13,850.
Married, filing jointly
$25,900.
$27,700.
Married, filing separately
$12,950.
$13,850.
Head of household
$19,400.
$20,800.
People who itemize tend to do so because their deductions add up to more than the standard deduction, saving them money. The IRS allows you to deduct a litany of expenses from your income, but record-keeping is key — you need to be able to prove, usually with receipts, that the expenses you’re deducting are valid. This means effort, but it might also mean savings.
How deductions and credits work
Both reduce your tax bill, but in different ways. Tax credits directly reduce the amount of tax you owe, dollar for dollar. A tax credit valued at $1,000, for instance, lowers your tax bill by $1,000.
Tax deductions, on the other hand, reduce how much of your income is subject to taxes. Deductions lower your taxable income by the percentage of your highest federal income tax bracket. For example, if you fall into the 25% tax bracket, a $1,000 deduction saves you $250.
Putting it all together
Estimating a tax bill starts with estimating taxable income. In a nutshell, to estimate taxable income, we take gross income and subtract tax deductions. What’s left is taxable income. Then we apply the appropriate tax bracket (based on income and filing status) to calculate tax liability. Tax credits and taxes already withheld from your paychecks might cover that bill for the year. If not, you may need to pay the rest at tax time. If you’ve paid too much, you’ll get a tax refund.
What tax bracket am I in?
The United States has a progressive tax system, meaning people with higher taxable incomes pay higher federal income tax rates. Here are the current tax brackets.
Woo hoo! I might get a big tax refund!
Don’t get too excited; this could be a sign that you’re having too much tax withheld from your paycheck and needlessly living on less of your earnings all year. You can use Form W-4 to reduce your withholding easily right now so you don’t have to wait for the government to give you your money back later.
Oh no! I can’t pay this estimated tax bill! What do I do?
